God made the country

by William Cowper

God made the country, and man made the town.
What wonder then that health and virtue, gifts
That can alone make sweet the bitter draught
That life holds out to all, should most abound
And least be threaten'd in the fields and groves?
Possess ye, therefore, ye, who, borne about
In chariots and sedans, know no fatigue
But that of idleness, and taste no scenes
But such as art contrives, possess ye still
Your element; there only can ye shine;
There only mind's like yours can do no harm.
Our groves were planted to console at noon
The pensive wanderer in their shades. At eve
The moonbeam, sliding softly in between
The sleeping leaves, is all the light they wish,
Birds warbling all the music. We can spare
The splendour of your lamps; they but eclipse
Our softer satellite. Your songs confound
Our more harmonious notes: the thrush departs
Scar'd, and th' offended nightingale is mute.
There is a public mischief in your mirth;
It plagues your country. Folly such as yours,
Grac'd with a sword, and worthier of a fan,
Has made, which enemies could ne'er have done,
Our arch of empire, steadfast but for you,
A multilated structure, soon to fall.

Introduction

William Cowper's poem, "God made the country" is an extract from 'The Task', Book 1.

The main theme of the poem is the celebration of rural life and nature as creations of God.

It contrasts the simplicity, beauty, and abundance of health and virtue found in the countryside with the complexities and challenges of urban existence.

The poem is written in blank verse. Blank verse is unrhymed poetry written in iambic pentameter, where each line typically contains ten syllables with alternating stressed and unstressed beats. This form allows for a natural and flowing rhythm without the constraints of a specific rhyme scheme.

Summary

In this poem, the poet criticizes the artificial lifestyle of wealthy town dwellers while praising the natural beauty of the countryside. The village, created by God, is depicted as a place of true beauty, where qualities like health, virtue, and happiness abound. In contrast, the townspeople are portrayed as reliant on artificial luxuries, disconnected from nature's wonders.

In the countryside, travelers find solace in shady groves, bask in the beauty of moonlit nights, and enjoy the natural melodies of songbirds. In the town, artificial lights dim the moon's glow, and noise drowns out the tranquility. The townsfolk, wielding swords instead of fans, engage in conflict and harm their own community. Their actions have damaged the country more than any external enemy could. The poet warns that their actions have weakened the country, likening it to a crumbling structure on the verge of collapse.

Explanation

Lines 1-5

God made the country, and man made the town.
What wonder then that health and virtue, gifts
That can alone make sweet the bitter draught
That life holds out to all, should most abound
And least be threaten'd in the fields and groves?


GLOSSARY

country - village

virtue - good moral conduct

draught - (metaphorically) hardships of life

abound - in plenty

grove- a small forest

The first line emphasizes that God created the countryside, while towns are constructed by humans. The next few lines suggest that it's not surprising that qualities like good health and moral goodness which can make life's hardships more bearable, are often found more abundantly in the countryside, where life is simpler and less threatened by dangers compared to urban areas.

During difficult times, which everyone experiences, it is only health and virtue that bring us happiness and comfort. There is not fear of losing these health and virtue in the countryside as the people of the countryside work and remain under the care and love of nature. So, the poet asks that we should not wonder why health and virtue are abundant in the countryside as it is full of nature.

Lines 6-11

Possess ye, therefore, ye, who, borne about
In chariots and sedans, know no fatigue
But that of idleness, and taste no scenes
But such as art contrives, possess ye still
Your element; there only can ye shine;
There only mind's like yours can do no harm.


GLOSSARY

ye- you

borne - carrried, supported

chariots - carriages drawn by horse

sedans - palanquin

fatique - exhaustion

idleness - inactivity

contrives - plans/manages to do with some skill

These lines convey the idea that those who are accustomed to traveling in luxurious vehicles and experiencing only artificial or man-made environments should appreciate the countryside when they find themselves there. Here, the 'Chariots' and 'Sedans' are the symbols of rich and power which is basically referring to the rich and powerful people living in towns and cities.

The poet describes them as people who do not know what tiredness is but know idleness. These people do not know the beauty that nature gives out but know only the beauty of artificial things which they possessed. 'There' in "There only can ye shine" refers to the countryside. Here, the poet means that if the people of the towns and cities see the beauty of nature in the countryside, their lives will be glorified and begin to shine.

People who live in towns and cities have ill-feeling mindsets and even cause harm to others. The final line suggests that when they experience the beauty of nature in the countryside, those negative thoughts will be replaced with positive ones, and their harmful intentions can disappear in the peaceful countryside setting only.

Lines 12-20

Our groves were planted to console at noon
The pensive wanderer in their shades. At eve
The moonbeam, sliding softly in between
The sleeping leaves, is all the light they wish,
Birds warbling all the music. We can spare
The splendour of your lamps; they but eclipse
Our softer satellite. Your songs confound
Our more harmonious notes: the thrush departs
Scar'd, and th' offended nightingale is mute.


GLOSSARY

console - comfort

pensive - sad

moonbeam - moonlight

warbling - sings softly

splendour - a magnificent appearance

eclipse - overshadow

confound - creates confusion

thrush - a bird species

The poet expresses the simplicity and harmonious life of the countryside. The poet says that the countryside people planted trees in order to give comfort to the tired travellers or laborious villagers during the noon time under the shade of the trees.

While in the evening, the people in the countryside will watch the beautiful moonlight which moves slowly in between the sleeping leaves. They do not wish for a bigger or brighter light. Their only wish is to have this single moonlight which gives out sufficient cold light at night.

Furthermore, in the countryside, the air is filled with the delightful and melodious songs of birds, each singing its own unique tune, which uplifts the spirits of the people.

The countryside people feel happy and satisfied even though they don't have the bright lights of the town which they feel that they only darkens the natural light.

The artificial music of the towns confuses the natural singers - birds which could produce more harmonious notes than that of the town. On hearing the noise of the town, the thrush feels scared and departs and the offended nightingale stops to sing.

Lines 21-26

There is a public mischief in your mirth;
It plagues your country. Folly such as yours,
Grac'd with a sword, and worthier of a fan,
Has made, which enemies could ne'er have done,
Our arch of empire, steadfast but for you,
A multilated structure, soon to fall.


GLOSSARY

mirth - merriment

plaques - causes trouble

folly - follishness

steadfast - steady

multilated - damaged severely

The rich and powerful people in the name of merriment does a lot of harms to the country. They engage in foolish actions and use their power to harm rather than help. in the name of power, they hold swords in their hands that should actually hold a fan to comfort others but they harm the country more than an enemy could do. Their foolish behavior weakens the country, making it vulnerable to collapse.

Questions and Answers

Why does the poet believe that God made the country?

The poet believes that God made the country because he perceives the countryside as a reflection of divine creation. He sees the countryside as a manifestation of God's handiwork, where the beauty of nature and the virtues of simplicity and harmony are evident, leading him to believe that it is a creation of God.

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